Quantum Articles – Finance & Banking

On October 13, Coinbase listed what its custody systems need from Bitcoin's post-quantum signatures: multi-party signing, HSM support and a stateless signing mode. The SHRINCS draft already includes the stateless mode. Post-quantum multi-party signing is still a research topic ...

Singapore's cyber regulator will now pay up to 70% of the cost of quantum-safe migration pilots, with priority for the critical infrastructure owners it told to finish by 2031. The pilot reports could show how much effort migration takes ...

Strategy's executive chairman says Bitcoin should wait for a quantum threat before upgrading. Its upgrade record, its draft proposals, the arithmetic of block space and his company's own SEC filings all say otherwise ...

An open leaderboard now lists secp256k1 point-addition circuits under 900 logical qubits that stay within Google's published Toffoli bound. Whether that saves a quarter of the physical qubits depends on the machine. Nobody has compiled a full attack with them ...

Applied Quantum has delivered hundreds of hours of private training, from board briefings to hands-on technical work. Quantum Academy moves that teaching into a separate company, with practitioner instructors, proctored exams and a flagship program for Chief Quantum Officers ...

Supervisors can test a firm's cryptographic bill of materials in place with managed access, inspector-chosen samples, yes-or-no tests and the IAEA's defect classes, while the inventory itself stays with the firm ...

Most quantum-risk-to-Bitcoin analyses rehash RSA-2048 timelines. They're missing the point. Bitcoin doesn't use RSA. It uses 256-bit ECC - and Shor's algorithm will break that first. Scan the quantum computing coverage of Bitcoin and you will find a remarkable pattern. Article after article cites the same RSA-2048 qubit estimates - 20 million physical qubits (Gidney-Ekerå 2021), under a million (Gidney 2025), fewer than 100,000 (Pinnacle 2026) - then pivots to reassure readers that Bitcoin is safe because quantum computers cannot yet factor 2,048-bit numbers. The problem with this framing is simple: Bitcoin does not use RSA. It has never used RSA. Every transaction signature, every key derivation, every proof of ...

The payments industry has navigated big cryptographic transitions before. The migration from magnetic stripes to EMV chips took the better part of two decades and cost billions. The shift from SHA-1 to SHA-256 certificates was painful but bounded - it mostly meant updating software, not ripping out hardware. The post-quantum transition is different in kind, not just degree. It touches every layer of the payments stack simultaneously: the silicon inside a contactless card, the hardware security modules in bank data centers, the message formats that glue the global system together, and the settlement infrastructure operated by central banks. To understand why, consider what happens when you tap your card at ...

Hong Kong’s central bank unveils a “Quantum Preparedness Index” to gauge how ready its banks are for the quantum computing era, underscoring a global push among regulators to future-proof financial security. Hong Kong’s de facto central bank, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), has announced the launch of a Quantum Preparedness Index (QPI) as part of its new Fintech Promotion Blueprint unveiled in early February 2026. The QPI is a first-of-its-kind initiative aimed at assessing how prepared the city’s banking sector is for the age of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) - the next generation of encryption designed to withstand attacks from powerful quantum computers. In essence, the index will provide a ...

A joint report from Europol's Quantum Safe Financial Forum, FS-ISAC and a Canadian working group scores each use case on quantum risk and migration time, and names hybrid TLS on public websites as a no-regret first step ...