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AI Security
How Dynamic Data Masking Reinforces Machine Learning Security
Data masking, also known as data obfuscation or data anonymization, serves as a crucial technique for ensuring data confidentiality and integrity, particularly in non-production environments like development, testing, and analytics. It operates by replacing actual sensitive data with a sanitized…
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AI Security
How Label-Flipping Attacks Mislead AI Systems
Label-flipping attacks refer to a class of adversarial attacks that specifically target the labeled data used to train supervised machine learning models. In a typical label-flipping attack, the attacker changes the labels associated with the training data points, essentially turning…
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Quantum Computing
The Toffoli Gate: The Unsung Workhorse in Quantum Codebreaking
Understanding the Toffoli gate’s role isn’t just an academic exercise – it has real implications for when and how quantum computers might break our cryptography. Each Toffoli gate isn’t a single physical operation on today’s hardware; it has to be…
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Quantum Computing
Wave Function Collapse: When Quantum Possibilities Become Reality
Wave function collapse is the idea that a quantum system, described by a wave function embodying several possible states at once, suddenly reduces to a single state when observed. In simple terms, before you measure it, a quantum object can…
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Crypto Security
Proof of Reserve vs. Proof of Liability vs. Proof of Solvency
Recent events like the FTX meltdown have sparked interest and conversations about how the incident could have been prevented. In the case of FTX, the primary problem was that the platform did not hold sufficient assets to cover its user…
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Crypto Security
How Blockchain Security Differs From Traditional Cybersecurity – 1 – Node Operators
Blockchain is a rapidly-evolving technology with a great deal of interest and investment. Decentralized Finance (DeFi), in particular, has a great deal of money invested in it as well as a growing number of high-profile and expensive hacks. Beyond DeFi,…
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Crypto Security
The 12 Biggest Hacking Incidents in the History of Crypto
The most comprehensive ranked list of the biggest crypto hacks in history (Up until November 1, 2022. I suspect a larger one is just behind the corner) It wasn’t easy digging through the entire history of cybercrime involving cryptocurrencies, but…
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Industry
Switzerland and United States Forge Quantum Cooperation
In October 2022, Switzerland and the U.S. signed a Joint Statement on Cooperation in Quantum Information Science and Technology, pledging to deepen collaboration between the countries’ researchers and institutions. The agreement, signed in Washington D.C. by Switzerland’s State Secretary for…
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Quantum Computing
Cat Qubits 101
Bosonic “cat qubits” are quantum bits encoded in the states of bosonic oscillators (e.g. modes of a microwave cavity) that resemble Schrödinger’s famous alive/dead cat superposition. Instead of relying on a single two-level quantum element, a cat qubit stores information…
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Policy & Sovereignty
ENISA Publishes “Post-Quantum Cryptography – Integration study”
The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) has released a report titled “Post-Quantum Cryptography – Integration Study,” offering a comprehensive look at the challenges and necessities of integrating post-quantum cryptographic systems. This publication follows ENISA’s 2021 study on the current…
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AI Security
Backdoor Attacks in Machine Learning Models
Backdoor attacks in the context of Machine Learning (ML) refer to the deliberate manipulation of a model's training data or its algorithmic logic to implant a hidden vulnerability, often referred to as a "trigger." Unlike typical vulnerabilities that are discovered…
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Crypto Security
How the Big Binance Bridge Hack Will Change the way People View Web3
$566M worth of BNB was stolen from Binance’s cross-chain bridge BSC Token Hub, but how they responded to the hack will be the most memorable part. Decentralization is a hot button topic in web3, and Binance is (at the time…
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Crypto Security
How a $1B Flash Loan Led to the $182M Beanstalk Farms Exploit
Understanding how flash loans and governance work in DeFi to demystify the Beanstalk Farms Hack The only way to understand how the Beanstalk Farms decentralized credit-based stablecoin protocol exploit happened is to first understand flash loans, which are a little…
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Crypto Security
The Top 4 Supply Chain Security Risks of Blockchain Smart Contracts
Code reuse is considered best practice in software engineering. Reusing high-quality, secure code can speed development processes and often results in higher-quality code than software developed entirely from scratch. Additionally, the reuse of high-quality, audited libraries reduces security risks by…
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Crypto Security
How the Nomad Bridge Hack can Help Us Explore the Potential Downsides of Decentralization
One attacker and hundreds of copycats looted the Nomad bridge for over $190 million; few did the right thing. Decentralization is a hot-button topic in 2022. To some, it seems like the solution to a variety of issues plaguing the…
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