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PQC Governance
PQC Vendor and Supply Chain Governance: Managing Third-Party Cryptographic Risk at Enterprise Scale
62% of organizations are waiting for vendors to make them quantum-safe. That mindset is dangerous. Here's how to govern vendor PQC readiness without outsourcing your accountability.
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PQC Governance
Nobody Can Tell You What PQC Migration Costs. Here’s How to Get Budget Anyway.
Every CISO building a PQC business case faces the same problem: no organization has completed a full migration, so no reliable cost model exists. Here's how to build the budget request anyway.
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PQC Governance
The CISO’s Role in PQC Migration: Organizational Models, Three Lines of Defence, and the Authority Question
The CISO role varies enormously across organizations. That variation determines whether CISO-led PQC governance works, and this article maps six real-world models to explain when and why.
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PQC Governance
Board-Level PQC Risk Governance: How Directors Oversee a Migration They Don’t Technically Understand
Directors don't need quantum literacy to govern PQC migration. They need risk appetite statements, cascading KRIs, and the discipline to hold the accountable executive to delivery.
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Global PQC Migration Timelines
Who Actually Enforces PQC Deadlines?
Not all PQC deadlines are created equal. Some will cost you market access if you miss them; others are guidance that nobody audits. Knowing which is which decides how you sequence a migration program.
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Global PQC Migration Timelines
The 2026–2030 Squeeze: 54 PQC Milestones in 51 Months
The comfortable 2035 target hides the real pressure point. Between October 2026 and December 2030, governments, regulators and supervisors in 22 jurisdictions and bodies have set 54 dated PQC milestones. This walkthrough takes them in order.
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Global PQC Migration Timelines
The Hybrid Question: Why the World Can’t Agree on How to Deploy PQC
The biggest implementation question in PQC migration is whether to deploy post-quantum algorithms alongside classical cryptography or instead of it. Europe and the US, UK and Australia have taken contradictory positions, and I see no sign of convergence.
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Global PQC Migration Timelines
The Global PQC Migration Clock: Where 24 Jurisdictions Stand and Where Their Requirements Conflict
Twenty-four jurisdictions now set PQC migration dates. They agree the migration must happen and disagree on when, how and with which algorithms. This capstone maps the convergence, the conflicts and the compliance reality for organizations operating across borders.
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Quantum Sensing
Quantum Radar Is Dead. The Physics Was Never There.
Fifteen years and over a hundred papers later, the verdict on quantum radar is in. The maximum range is limited to tens of meters by physics, not engineering. My earlier coverage was too generous.
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Research
IBM’s Concatenated Gross Code Reaches the Teraquop Regime
IBM's QEC team packages 11 logical qubits into a single high-dimensional qudit and wraps the gross code in quantum Reed-Solomon algebra. The result: a fault-tolerant memory that reaches the teraquop regime the gross code couldn't previously access.
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Building Quantum Computers
What a Quantum Computer Actually Costs to Build and Operate
A 5-qubit research system costs roughly $2 million over five years. A 20-qubit mid-range system costs $10 million. An industrial installation runs $30-150 million. Here is where the money goes, who pays, and what surprises first-time buyers.
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Building Quantum Computers
Integrating a Quantum Computer into HPC Infrastructure
A quantum computer without HPC integration is an isolated experiment. NVQLink, QRMI, and CUDA-Q make QPUs schedulable alongside GPUs in standard Slurm environments. Here is how the integration works and where the software stack falls short.
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Building Quantum Computers
The Quantum OS and Orchestration Layer: Assembling the Software That Runs the Machine
No turnkey Western quantum OS exists. A procurement guide to the software layer that turns multi-vendor hardware into a functioning, multi-user machine: the five-layer stack, the calibration decision, and the build-or-buy choice for middleware.
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Building Quantum Computers
Choosing a Quantum Control System: What Actually Drives the Qubits
The control system decides whether your QPU computes or sits cold in a fridge. A procurement guide to the three-vendor superconducting market, the FPGA allocation constraint that slips schedules, and what each modality demands from its electronics.
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Building Quantum Computers
Building a Silicon-Spin Quantum Computer
Silicon-spin qubits are manufactured on the same 300 mm semiconductor lines that produce classical processors. They operate at 1 K instead of 10 millikelvin. They eliminate helium-3. The supply chain is young but the thesis is compelling.
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