All Q-Day, Y2Q Posts
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
CRQC Readiness Index Proposal
This proposal outlines a composite, vendor‑neutral “CRQC Readiness” indicator. It intentionally avoids one‑number vanity metrics (like only counting qubits) and instead triangulates from three ingredients that actually matter for breaking today’s crypto: usable (logical) qubits, error‑tolerant algorithm depth, and sustained error‑corrected operations per second.
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
Understanding FIPS 140: A Cornerstone of Cryptographic Security
FIPS 140 (Federal Information Processing Standard 140) is a U.S. government computer security standard that specifies security requirements for cryptographic modules - the hardware or software components that perform encryption and other cryptographic functions. In simpler terms, FIPS 140 sets the ground rules for how encryption engines (in everything from software libraries to hardware appliances) must be built and tested to be considered secure. The…
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Q-Day
Q-Day (Y2Q) vs. Y2K
In the late 1990s, organizations worldwide poured time and money into exorcising the “millennium bug.” Y2K remediation was a global scramble. That massive effort succeeded: when January 1, 2000 hit, planes didn’t fall from the sky and power grids stayed lit. Ever since, Y2K has been held up as both a model of proactive risk management and, paradoxically, a punchline about overhyped tech doomsaying. Today,…
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Quantum Computing
What’s the Deal with Quantum Computing: Simple Introduction
Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize fields where classical computers struggle, particularly in areas involving complex quantum systems, large-scale optimization, and cryptography. The power of quantum computing lies in its ability to leverage the principles of quantum mechanics—superposition and entanglement—to perform certain types of calculations much more efficiently than classical computers.
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
The CRQC Quantum Capability Framework
This guide is a detailed, end‑to‑end map for understanding what it will actually take to reach a cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC), i.e. break RSA-2048 - not just headline qubit counts. A CRQC must meet two conditions: the algorithmic requirements of the target attack and the hardware capabilities needed to execute it fault-tolerantly. The CRQC Quantum Capability Framework organizes these hardware capabilities into nine interdependent…
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
Brassard–Høyer–Tapp (BHT) Quantum Collision Algorithm and Post-Quantum Security
The Brassard–Høyer–Tapp (BHT) algorithm is a quantum algorithm discovered in 1997 that finds collisions in hash functions faster than classical methods. In cryptography, a collision means finding two different inputs that produce the same hash output, undermining the hash’s collision resistance. The BHT algorithm theoretically reduces the time complexity of finding collisions from the classical birthday-paradox bound of about O(2n/2) (for an n-bit hash) down…
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
Capability D.3: Continuous Operation (Long-Duration Stability)
One of the most critical requirements for a cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC) is continuous operation - the ability to run a complex quantum algorithm non-stop for an extended period (on the order of days) without losing quantum coherence or needing a reset. In practical terms, the entire quantum computing stack - qubits, control electronics, error-correction processes, cooling systems - must sustain stable performance for…
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Post-Quantum, PQC, Quantum Security
Capability D.1: Full Fault-Tolerant Algorithm Integration
Imagine a quantum computer that can execute an entire algorithm start-to-finish with errors actively corrected throughout. Full fault-tolerant algorithm integration is exactly that: the orchestration of all components - stable logical qubits, high-fidelity gates, error-correction cycles, ancilla factories, measurements, and real-time feedback - to run a useful quantum algorithm reliably from beginning to end. This capability is essentially the “system integration” of quantum computing, bringing…
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