Leaders in the Middle East are talking about quantum algorithms and national quantum computing hubs. And even about Quantum AI. The Middle East is determined not to miss out on the quantum revolution, and that determination is reshaping the tech narrative of this region. What’s behind this quantum push in the Middle East? Two key factors stand out: wealth from natural resources and a need to diversify economies, coupled with relative political stability. Gulf nations have long relied on oil and gas – and now they’re investing those petrodollars into technology to pivot away from hydrocarbon-dependent GDP. This access to capital, plus stable governments that can plan for the long term, forms the backbone of their quantum ambitions. Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar are prime examples: each has strategic national visions (like Saudi’s Vision 2030 and the UAE’s Centennial 2071 plan) that highlight innovation and knowledge economies, giving quantum ...

In quantum computing, the role of logic gates is played by quantum gates – unitary transformations on one or more qubits. These are the elementary “moves” that a quantum computer can perform on quantum data. Just as classical gates compose to implement arbitrary Boolean functions, quantum gates compose to implement arbitrary unitary operations. However, quantum gates have striking differences from classical ones: they are reversible (all quantum gates correspond to invertible unitary matrices), they can create superposition and entanglement, and there are infinitely many possible single-qubit gates (since a qubit’s state is a continuous point on the Bloch sphere) ...