Deep Dive Series

Long-form research across quantum computing and quantum security

Multi-article series with capstone analyses, interactive tools, and companion databases.

Quantum Systems Integration

Open architecture, modular hardware, and building quantum computers from components

How to Build a Quantum Computer How to Build a Quantum Computer

How to Build a Quantum Computer

Integration guides for assembling quantum computers from modular components. Every major modality covered, from empty lab to first qubit signal, with vendor landscapes and procurement guidance.

What It Takes to Build a QC What It Takes to Build a Quantum Computer

What It Takes to Build a QC

From qubit fabrication through cryogenics, control electronics, and error correction. A component-level breakdown of the supply chain and engineering challenges at each layer.

Quantum Systems Integration & QOA Quantum Systems Integration & QOA

Quantum Systems Integration & QOA

The Quantum Open Architecture model and multi-vendor system design. How independent integrators assemble best-of-breed components into working quantum computers.

Quantum Computing Modalities Quantum Computing Modalities

Quantum Computing Modalities

Superconducting, trapped ion, neutral atom, photonic, silicon spin, and beyond. Every major hardware approach compared on performance, scalability, and commercial readiness.

Quantum Security, PQC Migration & Q-Day

Threat assessment, standards, mandates, migration frameworks, and deadlines

Quantum Computing for Cyber Pros Quantum Computing for Cyber Pros

Quantum Computing for Cyber Pros

An 11-part introduction to quantum computing for security professionals, no physics background required. Amplitudes to Shor, Grover, error correction, and reading vendor roadmaps. Free 114-page ebook included.

CRQC Capability Framework CRQC Quantum Capability Framework

CRQC Capability Framework

The nine engineering capabilities required to build a cryptographically relevant quantum computer. The structured, evidence-based method behind my Q-Day estimates.

Predicting Q-Day Predicting Q-Day

Predicting Q-Day

Frameworks, forecasts, and the data behind competing timelines. Includes the interactive CRQC Readiness Benchmark tool for exploring estimates with your own assumptions.

Getting Started With Quantum SecurityGetting Started With Quantum Security & PQC Migration

Getting Started With Quantum Security

A practitioner’s roadmap from first awareness to active PQC migration. Covers threat assessment, NIST standards, the PQC Migration Framework, and how to build a business case.

Quantum Security Reference Quantum Security Reference

Quantum Security Reference

Essential concepts for security leaders encountering quantum threats for the first time. Algorithms, attack models, and terminology explained without the hype.

PQC Governance & Program Leadership PQC Governance: Program Leadership

PQC Governance & Program Leadership

Who leads PQC migration, how boards govern it, how to fund and execute it. A seven-part Deep Dive for CISOs, boards, and transformation leaders.

Global PQC Migration Timelines Global PQC Migration Timelines

Global PQC Migration Timelines

PQC deadlines are now set across 15+ countries. Maps every mandate, tracks where national requirements diverge, and identifies the compliance gaps that catch multinationals off guard.

CNSA 2.0 Deep Dive CNSA 2.0: NSA's Post-Quantum Requirements

CNSA 2.0 Deep Dive

NSA’s post-quantum cryptography requirements decoded. Required algorithms, enforcement timelines, defense contractor compliance, and what CNSA 2.0 means beyond the NSS.

Quantum Threat to Cryptocurrencies Quantum Threat to Cryptocurrencies

Quantum Threat to Cryptocurrencies

Ten-article series covering quantum resource estimates for breaking Bitcoin and Ethereum, protocol-level fixes, governance bottlenecks, and realistic migration roadmaps.

More Deep Dives

Quantum Sovereignty Quantum Sovereignty

Quantum Sovereignty

Strategic independence in the quantum era. Supply chain dependencies, export controls, and why national quantum strategies are reshaping technology geopolitics.

The Quantum Utility Map The Quantum Utility Map

The Quantum Utility Map

What will fault-tolerant quantum computers actually do? Application areas mapped by qubit requirements, timeline to viability, and projected economic impact.

China’s Quantum Ambition China's Quantum Ambition

China’s Quantum Ambition

Could Beijing win the quantum race? China’s national programs, research output, industrial ecosystem, and the strategic implications for the West.

Quantum Computing CompaniesQuantum Computing Companies & Roadmaps

Quantum Computing Companies

60+ quantum hardware companies profiled and compared across modalities, funding, technical milestones, and commercial readiness. Updated quarterly.

Quantum Snake Oil Dictionary Quantum Snake Oil Dictionary

Quantum Snake Oil Dictionary

A field guide to quantum hype, scams, and misused terminology. Spot exaggerated claims, decode marketing language, and separate real progress from noise.

Articles & Analysis

Quantum Computing, Quantum Security, PQC & Quantum Sovereignty

Post-Quantum Negligence: Legal Risks of Failing to Prepare for the Quantum Threat

Quantum computing is no longer a far-off hypothesis - it’s a rapidly emerging reality that could render today’s encryption obsolete. For CISOs and their boards, this means a new kind of cybersecurity crisis is on the horizon. Sensitive data that ...

PQC First but Not Last for Quantum Resilience

Because of PQC upgrade challenges, an exclusive focus on “big‑bang” PQC migration can leave critical assets unprotected for years. Complementary mitigations such as hybrid key exchanges, tokenisation, crypto‑gateways, isolation tiers, confidential‑computing enclaves, PFED‑style dual‑layer encryptors, and even niche options like ...

Sovereignty in the PQC Era: Standards, Trust, and Crypto-Agility

Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is entering the standards stage, with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently selecting the first quantum-resistant algorithms. However, the future of PQC will not be as straightforward as simply adopting NIST’s choices globally ...

Trust Now, Forge Later (TNFL) – The Overlooked Quantum Threat

What is "Trust Now, Forge Later" (TNFL)? Most discussions about quantum computing threats focus on “Harvest Now, Decrypt Later” (HNDL) - the idea that adversaries can collect encrypted data today and store it, hoping a future quantum computer will break ...

Quantum Readiness Is Not (Just) a Vendor Problem

In the recent IBM's “Secure the Post-Quantum Future” report 62% of executives admitted that their organization is waiting for vendors to make them quantum‑safe. In other words, they expect cloud providers, network equipment makers and software vendors to embed post‑quantum ...

Predicting Quantum Computing Winning 2025 Nobel Physics Prize

Announcements of 2025 Nobel Prize winners start tomorrow. With announcements for Nobel Prize for Physics scheduled for Tuesday 7 October. Every autumn I indulge in a guilty pleasure: browsing speculative lists of Nobel Prize contenders and trying to guess who ...

Getting Started With Quantum Security and PQC Migration

Your complete roadmap to quantum-proofing your organization — from boardroom mandate to operational crypto-agility. This practitioner-curated Deep Dive series collects the PostQuantum.com articles you need to launch and run a quantum-readiness program, organized along the lifecycle most teams actually follow: ...

The Fab’s Hidden Supply Chain: Who Really Wins If Photonic Quantum Computing Wins

In February 2025, a team of more than ninety researchers published a paper in Nature describing something the photonic quantum computing community had been waiting a decade to see: a complete quantum photonic technology stack - single-photon sources, superconducting detectors, ...

The Optical Table’s Hidden Supply Chain: Who Really Wins If Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing Wins

In September 2025, IonQ paid $1.075 billion for a company called Oxford Ionics that had built precisely one quantum computer. It wasn't the qubit count that justified the price tag. Oxford Ionics held fewer than two dozen qubits at the ...

Quantum MedBeds and Death Threats

I never write about current politics. This might be my first on this blog. In fact, for the sake of my own sanity, I’ve made a point of steering this blog and most of my day clear of politics and ...

The Chandelier’s Hidden Supply Chain: Who Really Wins If Superconducting Quantum Computing Wins

In September 2025, Bluefors - the Finnish company whose cryogenic systems cool most of the world's superconducting quantum computers - signed a deal to buy up to ten thousand liters of helium-3 per year. The supplier? Interlune, a Seattle startup ...

Cisco’s Full-Stack Approach and the Road to Quantum Data Centers

Cisco took on an ambitious full-stack strategy to make distributed quantum computing a reality sooner than many expect. Instead of waiting for a single perfect quantum processor with millions of qubits, Cisco is building the hardware, software, and architecture needed ...

PostQuantum.com AI Explainer

An AI tool that answers questions using a curated corpus of information from PostQuantum.com, NIST, NSA, and ENISA and other reliable sources. Ask anything related to quantum computing or quantum security.

From the author

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